A geoprocessing tool is a function that performs an operation on GIS data.
A typical geoprocessing operation takes an input dataset, performs an operation on that dataset, and returns the result of the operation as an output dataset.
Common geoprocessing operations include
Think of it as feature engineering / preprocessing on a GDF
Common modules that include geoprocessing tools:
arcgis.features module is used for working with feature data, feature layers and collections of feature layers in the GIS. It also contains the spatial analysis geoprocessing tools which operate on feature data.arcgis.raster module containing classes and raster analysis geoprocessing tools for working with raster data and imagery layers.arcgis.network module contains classes and functions for network analysis such as finding the closest facility, the best route for a vehicle, the best routes for a fleet of vehicles, locating facilities using location allocation, calculating an OD cost matrix, and generating service areas.arcgis.geoanalytics module provides types and geoprocessing tools for distributed analysis of large datasets.